در پایان پست قبل که توضیحی بر سبک میانه قرن بود قرار بر این شد که در این پست راهکارهایی برای اجرایی کردن این سبک ساده و چند منظوره که نشان دهم تا هرچه راحت و کمهزینهتر بتوانیم این سبک را در خانه خود داشتهباشیم.
قبل از هرچیز باید بگویم که علاوه بر خانه و مبلمان، لوازم جانبی مانند لامپ، ساعت، ظروف شیشهای، حتی آثار هنری و لوازم گوناگون جانبی با القای حس راحتی هم برای ایجاد حالوهوای این سبک به ما کمک میکنند.
در این پست تغییرات در بخشهایی مانند مبلمان، رنگ، نور، تزئینات و آشپزخانه را به تفیکیک توضیح خواهم داد.
مبلمان
مبلمان معرفی شده در دهههای 1950 و 1960 تمیز، پیچیده و همه جانبه با خطوط صاف و منحنی و روشهای جدید ساخت و ساز با استفاده از مواد جدیدی مانند پلاستیک که سعی میشد مقاومت چوب را داشته باشند، به طور چشمگیری مورد استفاده دکوراتورهای این سبک قرار گرفت.
با وجود گذشت زمان، طرحهای محبوب در این سبک باقی ماندهاند و حتی دوباره به نوعی مد روز شدهاند و تولید کنندگان به سراغ ساخته آنها با قیمتهای گاهی بسیار ارزان رفتهاند، البته شاید بتوانید بازماندههای اصیل این نوع از مبلمان را در بعضی از سمساریها پیدا کنید به شرطی که قبل از آن خود را برای پرداخت هزینه بالای آن آماده کرده باشید.
درست است که در ان دوره استفاده از موادی مانند فلز، شیشه، وینیل، تخته سهلا، پلکسی گلاس و لوسیت مرسوم شد اما باز هم استفاده از چوبهایی به جنس ساج، گردو، بلوط به خصوص در حالتهای فشرده، باریک با اشکال هندسی و کم وزن در الویت طراحان بوده است.
یکی از دلایلی که ما هنوز به راحتی میتوانیم این سبک از مبلمان ردر فروشگاهها پیدا کنیم و در طراحی خود به کار ببریم این است که این سبک از ابتدا بر اساس تکنولوژی روز و گرایشهای یکپارچهسازی شکل پیدا کرده، گرایشهایی که امروزه نیز از الویتهای تولیدکنندگان و مصرفکنندگان هستند.
نمونههایی از سبک مدرن اواسط قرن در مبلمان را در دو تصویر زیر ببینید.
صندلی تخم مرغ طراحی شده توسط Arne Jacobsen
صندلی سالن Eames طراحی شده توسط Charles Eames
رنگ
در پست قبل نکاتی درباره نحوه انتخاب رنگ در این سبک گفتم که میتوانید از اینجا ببینید.
خوشبختانه این سبک پذیرای طیف گستردهایی از رنگهاست. ما میتوانیم از همه رنگهایی که زنده هستند و طبیعت را به خوبی یادآوری میکنند استفاده کنیم.
البته گستردگی این طیف میتواند از رنگ های خنثی تا پررنگ، و حتی طرحهای گرافیکی سیاه و سفید هم باشد .
پالتی زیر نمونه خوبی از رنگهای ماندگاری است که به این سبک گره خوردهاند.
نور
طراحان این سبک خیلی به نورهای موضعی بر اجسام خاص یا نورهای سفید و شدید علاقه ندارند پس بیشتر نورهای زرد که فضا را گرم میکنند و لوسترها و آباژورهای زیبای مسی و چوبی هویت نوری این سبک را شکل میدهند.
تزئینات
یکی از اصول اولیهایی که بایستی در این سبک رعایت شود خلوتی فضا است. باید از فکر تزئینات پر زرق و برق بیرون بیایم و با استفاده از اتفاقهای ساده مانند ایجاد یک شومینه خاص ساخته شده از متریالهای طبیعی و نیمکتی در کنارش یا استفاده بیشتر از آینهها که نور را در اتاق بیشتر میکنند.
اگر به آثار هنری علاقه دارید میتوانید یک یا دو تابلوی دیواری بزرگ گرافیکی یا رنگ روغن را در دیوار اصلی خانه جای دهید و آن دیوار را تبدیل به نقطه مرکزی خانه کنید.
طراحی آشپزخانه
طراحان این دوره دست به حرکتی بسیار جسورانه زدند و اقدام به برداشتن دیوارهایی مانند دیوار آشپزخانه کردند تا هر چه بیشتر فضایی باز و صمیمی ایجاد کنند که نور در آن جریان داشتهباشد و ساکنین خانه از این طریق راحتتر با یکدیگر ارتباط برقرار کنند.
از راهکارهای دیگری که باعث می شود آشپزخانه بزرگتر و تمیزتر به نظر آید، استفاده از ظروف صیقلی و کاشیکاریهای براقی مانند عکس زیر است.
در آن دوره کسانی که چنین آشپزخانههایی را طراحی میکردند که همهچیز در آن نشان موجی از آینده بود، باعث شدند صاحبخانهها احساس مدرن و آیندهنگر بودن بکنند.
با اضافه کردن فولاد ضدزنگ و سنگ مرمر واستفاده از کفپوشهای چوبی به سادگی آشپزخانهایی بسازید که مخاطب در یک نگاه حس سادگی، مدرنبودن و تمیزبودن را دریافت کند.
در این دوره بود که ابزارهایی مانند تسترهاو مجموعههای باربیکیو به وجود آمدند تا باعث راحتی در استفاده و صرفهجویی در وقت شوند.
پس هوشمندانه است که کابینتها را طوری طراحی کنید که بتوانید تعداد زیادی از ابزارآلاتی که باعث راحتی شما میشوند را در آن ها جای دهید.
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